By Family Features | Contributor
Approximately 38% of adults in the United States experience high cholesterol, a condition that can arise from unhealthy lifestyle choices or genetic predispositions, as reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, often referred to as “bad” cholesterol, are linked to the development of fatty deposits, or plaque, which can lead to the narrowing of arteries.
LDL cholesterol is notably connected to a heightened risk of heart attacks and strokes. A Harris Poll survey commissioned by the American Heart Association found that 75% of individuals who survived heart attacks or strokes had elevated cholesterol levels, yet only 49% actively seek to reduce their cholesterol.
“There is a significant gap in public awareness regarding bad cholesterol and its repercussions for cardiovascular health,” stated Joseph C. Wu, MD, PhD, FAHA, who serves as the volunteer president of the American Heart Association and is the director of the Stanford Cardiovascular Institute. Alongside him, Simon H. Stertzer, MD, professor of medicine and radiology at Stanford School of Medicine, emphasized that the asymptomatic nature of high LDL cholesterol often leaves individuals unaware of their risk or the preventive measures they can take.
To better understand LDL cholesterol, its effects on heart health, and strategies for maintaining healthy levels, consider the insights from the Lower Your LDL Cholesterol Now initiative, a national effort sponsored by Amgen.
Know Your LDL Level
The survey indicated that nearly 47% of those who experienced heart attacks or strokes do not know their LDL levels. While cholesterol levels can differ based on race and ethnicity—Asian men and Hispanic women typically exhibit higher LDL levels—numerous research studies have determined that lower levels are preferable. For healthy adults, an LDL level of 100 mg/dL or lower is favorable. For those with a history of heart disease and on cholesterol-lowering medications, the target may be set below 70 mg/dL. Factors such as family history, age, sex, tobacco use, diet, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol consumption, and obesity can all influence LDL cholesterol levels.
Frequency of Monitoring
Since high LDL typically shows no symptoms, it’s crucial to have your levels evaluated by a healthcare professional. Consult your doctor to determine the appropriate frequency of testing. For adults aged 20 to 39, cholesterol checks are recommended every 4-6 years. Individuals over 40, or those with existing heart disease or other risk factors, may need to be tested more regularly.
Recognize LDL Risks
Excess LDL cholesterol may lead to the accumulation of fatty deposits within the arteries, a condition known as atherosclerosis, which narrows the arteries and impairs blood flow. If part of this plaque dislodges, it can enter the bloodstream, potentially obstructing blood vessels in the heart or brain, resulting in a heart attack or stroke. This narrowing of arteries also increases the risk of peripheral artery disease.
Strategies for Managing High LDL
Addressing elevated cholesterol levels requires a personalized approach. Consult your healthcare provider to establish a treatment plan tailored for you. According to the American Heart Association, effective lifestyle changes that can aid in controlling cholesterol include:
- Adopting a nutritious diet rich in fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, lean proteins, and fish
- Engaging in physical activity, striving for at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise each week (like brisk walking)
- Managing stress levels
- Avoiding tobacco use
For individuals with a history of heart attacks or strokes, discussing the use of cholesterol-lowering medications with a doctor is essential.
Ensure you talk to your healthcare provider about cholesterol testing and visit heart.org/LDL for additional resources.
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